G

.gitignore

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#.gitignore
-#ex3/*.terraform*
-#ex3/terraform*
-
-# Local .terraform directories
-**/.terraform*
-
-# .tfstate files
-*.tfstate
-*.tfstate.*
-
-# Crash log files
-crash.log
-crash.*.log
-
-# Exclude all .tfvars files, which are likely to contain sensitive data, such as
-# password, private keys, and other secrets. These should not be part of version 
-# control as they are data points which are potentially sensitive and subject 
-# to change depending on the environment.
-*.tfvars
-*.tfvars.json
-
-# Ignore override files as they are usually used to override resources locally and so
-# are not checked in
-override.tf
-override.tf.json
-*_override.tf
-*_override.tf.json
-
-# Ignore transient lock info files created by terraform apply
-.terraform.tfstate.lock.info
-
-# Include override files you do wish to add to version control using negated pattern
-# !example_override.tf
-
-# Include tfplan files to ignore the plan output of command: terraform plan -out=tfplan
-# example: *tfplan*
-
-# Ignore CLI configuration files
-.terraformrc
-terraform.rc

README.md

@@ -1,173 +1 @@
-# Intro
+# merge-vs-rebase
-
-We created this set of exercises to give you the opportunity to express yourself technically. Do as much as you can in
-the time you have. Feel free to ask us questions, if any. No worries if you can't make it all by lack of time or
-understanding of what we're asking. We'll defrief it with you during our next call.
-
-**Have fun!**
-
-## Fork
-
-Register an account and fork this repo.
-
-You will push your results to your fork.
-
-# Ex. 1 - python
-
-This exercise will be split into multiple smaller ones. For each one
-you can create files named `a.py`, `b.py` and `c.py`. You maybe resuse the same
-environment for all sub-exercises
-
-Guidelines:
-- Use python version python3.7+.
-- Unless specified otherwise you can only use builtin modules.
-
-### python - A
-
-Write a script that prints out whatever text input is passed as argument
-
-Example:
-
-```
-$ python a.py ping ping ping
-ping ping ping
-```
-
-### python - B
-
-Write a script take takes one argument (-t/--target) which can only
-accept the following values `titi`, `toto`, `tata`. When called with a valid
-target, the script should print out the target text to stdout (`titi`, `toto` or `tata`).
-When an invalid target is provided an error message should be printed to stderr
-
-Example:
-
-```
-$ python b.py --target titi
-titi
-
-$ python b.py -t tutu
-usage: b.py [-h] [-t {titi,toto,tata}]
-b.py: error: argument -t/--target: invalid choice: 'tutu' (choose from 'titi', 'toto', 'tata')
-```
-
-### python - C
-
-Write a script that creates ascii art equivalent of text passed as argument.
-For this exercise you may use a 3rd party module.
-
-Example:
-
-```bash
-$ python c.py 'Hello buddies'
- _   _        _  _          _                 _      _  _
-| | | |  ___ | || |  ___   | |__   _   _   __| |  __| |(_)  ___  ___
-| |_| | / _ \| || | / _ \  | '_ \ | | | | / _` | / _` || | / _ \/ __|
-|  _  ||  __/| || || (_) | | |_) || |_| || (_| || (_| || ||  __/\__ \
-|_| |_| \___||_||_| \___/  |_.__/  \__,_| \__,_| \__,_||_| \___||___/
-
-```
-
-# Ex. 2 - docker
-
-In ex2 folder, you will find a `app` binary.
-
-Can you build very lighweight docker image that contains ONLY `app` binary, and that execute `app` by default?
-
-Push your Dockerfile in the ex2 folder.
-
-# Ex. 3 - terraform
-
-In ex3 folder, you will find an incomplete `openrc` file.
-
-You will need to amend the file to configure the correct `OS_USERNAME`, `OS_PASSWORD` and `OS_REGION_NAME` with the one that we gave to you.
-
-Then, using `terraform`, can you write a plan to boot a `d2-4` with a floating IP.
-
-Bonus, on that instance, make sure a web server (`nginx`) is running.
-
-Push your `main.tf` file in ex3 folder.
-
-# Ex. 4 - git
-
-In this repo, there are two branches:
-
-- stein
-- queens
-
-Stein contains the following commits:
-
-- 1ff2641 (stein) G
-- cf24853 F
-- 3fcdfa0 E
-- cb8c71a D
-- 849ef26 C
-- 372c155 B
-- edc8ed7 A
-
-Queens contains the following commits:
-
-- 2624c16 (queens) F
-- 5e3521b B
-- edc8ed7 A
-
-So the common ancestor is A (same commit ID).
-
-B has been cherry-picked from stein to queens, without conflicts.
-
-F has also been cherry-picked but with conflicts (solved, of course).
-
-## Exercice
-
-You will need to create two branches:
-
-- merged
-- rebased
-
-### Merged
-
-Create the merged branch first:
-
-```bash
-git checkout -b merged origin/queens
-```
-
-Then merge the stein branch into your branch
-
-```bash
-git merge origin/stein
-```
-
-You will have a conflict to solved.
-
-Solve it, then push your `merged` branch to your repo.
-
-### Rebased
-
-Now create the rebased branch:
-
-```bash
-git checkout -b rebased origin/queens
-```
-
-Now rebase it on top of stein:
-
-```bash
-git rebase -i origin/stein
-```
-
-You will have a conflict to solved.
-
-Solve it, then push your `rebased` branch to your repo.
-
-## Check diff
-
-Now check the diff between your two branches `merged` and `rebased`.
-
-```bash
-git diff merged..rebased
-```
-
-Can you explain why you have a diff?
-
-Write down the explanation in ex4 folder (like in a `README.md` file)

ex1/a.py

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-
-argv = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
-print("You've written:", argv)

ex1/b.py

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-import argparse
-import sys
-
-vars = {"toto", "tata", "titi"}
-
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-
-parser.add_argument(
-    '-t', '--target',
-    nargs='+',
-    choices=vars,
-    help="Specify from 1 to 3 values from: toto, tata, titi.",
-    required=True
-)
-
-# Execute parsing
-args = parser.parse_args()
-
-# Check if arguments are more than expected
-if len(args.target) > 3:
-    print("Error: can be used **at max 3** values from 'toto', 'tata' and 'titi'.", file=sys.stderr)
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-print("You've written:", args.target)

ex1/c.py

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-import pyfiglet
-
-# check if executed without text and print help
-if len(sys.argv) < 2:
-    print("Usage: python c.py 'text to be converted'")
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-text = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
-f = pyfiglet.figlet_format(text)
-print(f)

ex2/dockerfile

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-FROM alpine:latest
-COPY app /app
-ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]

ex3/main.tf

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-terraform {
-required_version = ">= 0.14.0"
-  required_providers {
-    openstack = {
-      source  = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack"
-      version = "~> 1.53.0"
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-resource "openstack_networking_floatingip_v2" "_3245829148481055-FIP" {
-  pool = "Ext-Net"
-}
-
-resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "_3245829148481055-pci-test-ex3" {
-  name            = "_3245829148481055-pci-test-ex3"
-  image_id        = "d2083aa0-94ee-491d-a20c-0c8db1acdb96"
-  flavor_name     = "d2-4"
-  key_pair        = "3245829148481055-KP"
-  security_groups = ["default"]
-  user_data       = "#cloud-config\npackages:\n  - nginx\nruncmd:\n  - systemctl enable nginx\n  - systemctl start nginx"
-
-  network {
-    name = "3245829148481055-int-net"
-  }
-}
-
-resource "openstack_compute_floatingip_associate_v2" "_3245829148481055-FIP" {
-  floating_ip = "${openstack_networking_floatingip_v2._3245829148481055-FIP.address}"
-  instance_id = "${openstack_compute_instance_v2._3245829148481055-pci-test-ex3.id}"
-}

libvirt.pp

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+# == Class: nova::compute::libvirt
+#
+# Install and manage nova-compute guests managed
+# by libvirt
+#
+# === Parameters:
+#
+# [*ensure_package*]
+#   (optional) The state of nova packages
+#   Defaults to 'present'
+#
+# [*libvirt_virt_type*]
+#   (optional) Libvirt domain type. Options are: kvm, lxc, qemu, uml, xen
+#   Defaults to 'kvm'
+#
+# [*vncserver_listen*]
+#   (optional) IP address on which instance vncservers should listen
+#   Defaults to '127.0.0.1'
+#
+# [*migration_support*]
+#   (optional) Whether to support virtual machine migration
+#   Defaults to false
+#
+# [*libvirt_cpu_mode*]
+#   (optional) The libvirt CPU mode to configure.  Possible values
+#   include custom, host-model, none, host-passthrough.
+#   Defaults to 'host-model' if libvirt_virt_type is set to kvm,
+#   otherwise defaults to 'none'.
+#
+# [*libvirt_cpu_model*]
+#   (optional) The named libvirt CPU model (see names listed in
+#   /usr/share/libvirt/cpu_map.xml). Only has effect if
+#   cpu_mode="custom" and virt_type="kvm|qemu".
+#   Defaults to undef
+#
+# [*libvirt_cpu_model_extra_flags*]
+#   (optional) This allows specifying granular CPU feature flags when
+#   specifying CPU models. Only has effect if cpu_mode is not set
+#   to 'none'.
+#   Defaults to undef
+#
+# [*libvirt_snapshot_image_format*]
+#   (optional) Format to save snapshots to. Some filesystems
+#   have a preference and only operate on raw or qcow2
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*libvirt_disk_cachemodes*]
+#   (optional) A list of cachemodes for different disk types, e.g.
+#   ["file=directsync", "block=none"]
+#   If an empty list is specified, the disk_cachemodes directive
+#   will be removed from nova.conf completely.
+#   Defaults to an empty list
+#
+# [*libvirt_hw_disk_discard*]
+#   (optional) Discard option for nova managed disks. Need Libvirt(1.0.6)
+#   Qemu1.5 (raw format) Qemu1.6(qcow2 format).
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*libvirt_hw_machine_type*]
+#   (optional) Option to specify a default machine type per host architecture.
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*libvirt_inject_password*]
+#   (optional) Inject the admin password at boot time, without an agent.
+#   Defaults to false
+#
+# [*libvirt_inject_key*]
+#   (optional) Inject the ssh public key at boot time.
+#   Defaults to false
+#
+# [*libvirt_inject_partition*]
+#   (optional) The partition to inject to : -2 => disable, -1 => inspect
+#   (libguestfs only), 0 => not partitioned, >0 => partition
+#   number (integer value)
+#   Defaults to -2
+#
+# [*libvirt_enabled_perf_events*]
+#   (optional) This is a performance event list which could be used as monitor.
+#   A string list. For example: ``enabled_perf_events = cmt, mbml, mbmt``
+#   The supported events list can be found in
+#   https://libvirt.org/html/libvirt-libvirt-domain.html ,
+#   which you may need to search key words ``VIR_PERF_PARAM_*``
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*remove_unused_base_images*]
+#   (optional) Should unused base images be removed?
+#   If undef is specified, remove the line in nova.conf
+#   otherwise, use a boolean to remove or not the base images.
+#   Defaults to undef
+#
+# [*remove_unused_resized_minimum_age_seconds*]
+#   (optional) Unused resized base images younger
+#   than this will not be removed
+#   If undef is specified, remove the line in nova.conf
+#   otherwise, use a integer or a string to define after
+#   how many seconds it will be removed.
+#   Defaults to undef
+#
+# [*remove_unused_original_minimum_age_seconds*]
+#   (optional) Unused unresized base images younger
+#   than this will not be removed
+#   If undef is specified, remove the line in nova.conf
+#   otherwise, use a integer or a string to define after
+#   how many seconds it will be removed.
+#   Defaults to undef
+#
+# [*libvirt_service_name*]
+#   (optional) libvirt service name.
+#   Defaults to $::nova::params::libvirt_service_name
+#
+# [*virtlock_service_name*]
+#   (optional) virtlock service name.
+#   Defaults to $::nova::params::virtlock_service_name
+#
+# [*virtlog_service_name*]
+#   (optional) virtlog service name.
+#   Defaults to $::nova::params::virtlog_service_name
+#
+# [*compute_driver*]
+#   (optional) Compute driver.
+#   Defaults to 'libvirt.LibvirtDriver'
+#
+# [*preallocate_images*]
+#   (optional) The image preallocation mode to use.
+#   Valid values are 'none' or 'space'.
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*manage_libvirt_services*]
+#   (optional) Whether or not deploy Libvirt services.
+#   In the case of micro-services, set it to False and use
+#   nova::compute::libvirt::services + hiera to select what
+#   you actually want to deploy.
+#   Defaults to true for backward compatibility.
+#
+# [*log_outputs*]
+#   (optional) Defines log outputs, as specified in
+#   https://libvirt.org/logging.html
+#   Defaults to undef
+#
+# [*rx_queue_size*]
+#   (optional) virtio-net rx queue size
+#   Valid values are 256, 512, 1024
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*tx_queue_size*]
+#   (optional) virtio-net tx queue size
+#   Valid values are 256, 512, 1024
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*file_backed_memory*]
+#   (optional) Available capacity in MiB for file-backed memory.
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+# [*volume_use_multipath*]
+#   (optional) Use multipath connection of the
+#   iSCSI or FC volume. Volumes can be connected in the
+#   LibVirt as multipath devices.
+#   Defaults to $::os_service_default
+#
+class nova::compute::libvirt (
+  $ensure_package                             = 'present',
+  $libvirt_virt_type                          = 'kvm',
+  $vncserver_listen                           = '127.0.0.1',
+  $migration_support                          = false,
+  $libvirt_cpu_mode                           = false,
+  $libvirt_cpu_model                          = undef,
+  $libvirt_cpu_model_extra_flags              = undef,
+  $libvirt_snapshot_image_format              = $::os_service_default,
+  $libvirt_disk_cachemodes                    = [],
+  $libvirt_hw_disk_discard                    = $::os_service_default,
+  $libvirt_hw_machine_type                    = $::os_service_default,
+  $libvirt_inject_password                    = false,
+  $libvirt_inject_key                         = false,
+  $libvirt_inject_partition                   = -2,
+  $libvirt_enabled_perf_events                = $::os_service_default,
+  $remove_unused_base_images                  = undef,
+  $remove_unused_resized_minimum_age_seconds  = undef,
+  $remove_unused_original_minimum_age_seconds = undef,
+  $libvirt_service_name                       = $::nova::params::libvirt_service_name,
+  $virtlock_service_name                      = $::nova::params::virtlock_service_name,
+  $virtlog_service_name                       = $::nova::params::virtlog_service_name,
+  $compute_driver                             = 'libvirt.LibvirtDriver',
+  $preallocate_images                         = $::os_service_default,
+  $manage_libvirt_services                    = true,
+  $log_outputs                                = undef,
+  $rx_queue_size                              = $::os_service_default,
+  $tx_queue_size                              = $::os_service_default,
+  $file_backed_memory                         = undef,
+  $volume_use_multipath                       = $::os_service_default,
+) inherits nova::params {
+
+  include ::nova::deps
+  include ::nova::params
+
+  # libvirt_cpu_mode has different defaults depending on hypervisor.
+  if !$libvirt_cpu_mode {
+    case $libvirt_virt_type {
+      'kvm': {
+        $libvirt_cpu_mode_real = 'host-model'
+      }
+      default: {
+        $libvirt_cpu_mode_real = 'none'
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    $libvirt_cpu_mode_real = $libvirt_cpu_mode
+  }
+
+  if($::osfamily == 'Debian') {
+    package { "nova-compute-${libvirt_virt_type}":
+      ensure => $ensure_package,
+      tag    => ['openstack', 'nova-package'],
+    }
+  }
+
+  if $migration_support {
+    include ::nova::migration::libvirt
+  }
+
+  if $log_outputs {
+    libvirtd_config {
+      'log_outputs': value => "\"${log_outputs}\"";
+    }
+  }
+
+  unless $rx_queue_size == $::os_service_default or $rx_queue_size in [256, 512, 1024] {
+    fail("Invalid rx_queue_size parameter: ${rx_queue_size}")
+  }
+
+  unless $tx_queue_size == $::os_service_default or $tx_queue_size in [256, 512, 1024] {
+    fail("Invalid_tx_queue_size parameter: ${tx_queue_size}")
+  }
+
+  # manage_libvirt_services is here for backward compatibility to support
+  # deployments that do not include nova::compute::libvirt::services
+  #
+  # If you're using hiera:
+  #  - set nova::compute::libvirt::manage_libvirt_services to false
+  #  - include ::nova::compute::libvirt::services in your composition layer
+  #  - select which services you want to deploy with
+  #    ::nova::compute::libvirt::services:* parameters.
+  #
+  # If you're not using hiera:
+  #  - set nova::compute::libvirt::manage_libvirt_services to true (default).
+  #  - select which services you want to deploy with
+  #    ::nova::compute::libvirt::*_service_name parameters.
+  if $manage_libvirt_services {
+    class { '::nova::compute::libvirt::services':
+      libvirt_service_name  => $libvirt_service_name,
+      virtlock_service_name => $virtlock_service_name,
+      virtlog_service_name  => $virtlog_service_name,
+      libvirt_virt_type     => $libvirt_virt_type,
+    }
+  }
+
+  nova_config {
+    'DEFAULT/compute_driver':        value => $compute_driver;
+    'DEFAULT/preallocate_images':    value => $preallocate_images;
+    'vnc/vncserver_listen':          value => $vncserver_listen;
+    'libvirt/virt_type':             value => $libvirt_virt_type;
+    'libvirt/cpu_mode':              value => $libvirt_cpu_mode_real;
+    'libvirt/snapshot_image_format': value => $libvirt_snapshot_image_format;
+    'libvirt/inject_password':       value => $libvirt_inject_password;
+    'libvirt/inject_key':            value => $libvirt_inject_key;
+    'libvirt/inject_partition':      value => $libvirt_inject_partition;
+    'libvirt/hw_disk_discard':       value => $libvirt_hw_disk_discard;
+    'libvirt/hw_machine_type':       value => $libvirt_hw_machine_type;
+    'libvirt/enabled_perf_events':   value => join(any2array($libvirt_enabled_perf_events), ',');
+    'libvirt/rx_queue_size':         value => $rx_queue_size;
+    'libvirt/tx_queue_size':         value => $tx_queue_size;
+    'libvirt/file_backed_memory':    value => $file_backed_memory;
+    'libvirt/volume_use_multipath':  value => $volume_use_multipath;
+  }
+
+  # cpu_model param is only valid if cpu_mode=custom
+  # otherwise it should be commented out
+  if $libvirt_cpu_mode_real == 'custom' {
+    validate_legacy(String, 'validate_string', $libvirt_cpu_model)
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/cpu_model': value => $libvirt_cpu_model;
+    }
+  } else {
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/cpu_model': ensure => absent;
+    }
+    if $libvirt_cpu_model {
+      warning('$libvirt_cpu_model requires that $libvirt_cpu_mode => "custom" and will be ignored')
+    }
+  }
+
+  if $libvirt_cpu_mode_real != 'none' {
+    validate_legacy(String, 'validate_string', $libvirt_cpu_model_extra_flags)
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/cpu_model_extra_flags': value => $libvirt_cpu_model_extra_flags;
+    }
+  } else {
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/cpu_model_extra_flags': ensure => absent;
+    }
+    if $libvirt_cpu_model_extra_flags {
+      warning('$libvirt_cpu_model_extra_flags requires that $libvirt_cpu_mode is not set to "none" and will be ignored')
+    }
+  }
+
+  if size($libvirt_disk_cachemodes) > 0 {
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/disk_cachemodes': value => join($libvirt_disk_cachemodes, ',');
+    }
+  } else {
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/disk_cachemodes': ensure => absent;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if $remove_unused_resized_minimum_age_seconds != undef {
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/remove_unused_resized_minimum_age_seconds': value => $remove_unused_resized_minimum_age_seconds;
+    }
+  } else {
+    nova_config {
+      'libvirt/remove_unused_resized_minimum_age_seconds': ensure => absent;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if $remove_unused_base_images != undef {
+    nova_config {
+      'DEFAULT/remove_unused_base_images': value => $remove_unused_base_images;
+    }
+  } else {
+    nova_config {
+      'DEFAULT/remove_unused_base_images': ensure => absent;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if $remove_unused_original_minimum_age_seconds != undef {
+    nova_config {
+      'DEFAULT/remove_unused_original_minimum_age_seconds': value => $remove_unused_original_minimum_age_seconds;
+    }
+  } else {
+    nova_config {
+      'DEFAULT/remove_unused_original_minimum_age_seconds': ensure => absent;
+    }
+  }
+}